Disinfectants are microbial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms, the process of which is known as disinfection. They are generally different from antibiotics that generally destroy microorganisms within the body and are also different from antiseptics that generally destroy microorganisms on living tissue. The disinfectant must have higher kill capacity for pathogenic bacteria. A perfect disinfectant would offer a complete sterilization without harming oth4er forms of life. Most disinfectants are potentially harmful to humans or animals.

Disinfectants are substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Formaldehyde and some other disinfectants suitable for use in sprays are also used as deodorants and as airborne disinfectants, or fumigants, in large enclosed spaces. Some disinfectants, especially chlorine and chlorine compounds, are also used as preservatives for leather and other materials.